IOT Based Agriculture Weather Monitoring System

 IOT Based Agriculture Weather Monitoring  System

Abstract

IoT based Agriculture Weather Monitoring System is an emerging concept, as IoT sensors are able to provide information about Soiltest and then works based on user input.In this project, it is proposed to develop a smart soil system that is compatible with Arduino, IoT, and Arduino technologies, such as sensor networks.The goal of this project is to develop automation using automation and IoT The use of smart soil test humidity is one of the main reasons for monitoring the environmental conditions to improve the yield of efficient crops.Features of this project include the development of a system that uses temperature, humidity and soil moisture can even monitor the movement of livestock, which can damage agricultural fields through sensors using arduino boards and in case of any error, application notification has been made for the farmer's smartphone using internet.The system also has a dual communication link based on a cellular Internet interface that allows data inspection via an Android application and Allows irrigation scheduling to be programmed.Due to the autonomy of energy and the low cost, the system can be effective in limited areas of water in geographically isolated regions.

Live Monitoring -1

Live Monitoring -2

Live Monitoring - 3

1.1 Introduction 

Despite the assumption that people may have an idea about the agricultural process, the reality is that today's agriculture is more data-centric, precise and smarter than ever.The rapid rise of Internet-of-Things (IOT) based technology has redesigned almost every industry, including "IOT Based Agriculture Weather Monitoring System" which has moved the industry from statistics to quantitative methods. These national-revolutionary changes are shaking up existing agriculture and creating new opportunities along with various challenges.This article addresses the challenges that wireless technology and IOT have in agriculture as well as the challenges faced when integrating this technology with technology-driven farming. IOT devices and communication technologies related to wireless sensors that were connected to farming fields are analyzed in detail. Key sensors are available for specific farming areas such as soil preparation, crop status, irrigation, insects and pest detection. In this project we will monitor the weather of agriculture, such as the temperature and humidity of the environment and soil moisture. In addition, the use of unmanned aerial vehicles for other favorable applications such as crop surveillance and crop yield optimization has been considered in this article. Advanced IOT-based architectures and platforms used in agriculture have been highlighted where appropriate. Finally, based on this thorough review, we identify current and future trends in IOT in agriculture and highlight potential research challenges.We can see all the project data in an lcd display.We also monitor all data via the Internet .We used Arduino Uno as the controller and we created the C language as a programming language and uploaded it to the controller.

1.2 Historical Background

A. In the present scenario, farmers have very little knowledge of the level of soil and its parameters, carbon, nitrogen, water absorption capacity etc.Which plays a very important role in crop production.

B. Farmers are doing farming on the basis of conventional knowledge, so it is difficult for them to predict which types of soil are suitable for any kind of crop and due to insufficient knowledge, farmers are facing loss of crop yields by reducing the farmer's economic structure.

C. Scientific sense that there has been an increase in significant climate change, especially temperature rise and rainfall, has led to the 21st Century economic research trying to quantify the potential effects of climate change on the ground.

1.3 IOT System

The Internet of Things (IoT) is an interconnected computing device, mechanical and digital machine, object, animal, or human being that is provided with a unique identifier (UID) and gives people the ability to transfer data from a network to network without the need or communication from computer to human. The definition of the Internet of Things has evolved due to the integration of multiple technologies, real-time analytics, machine learning, product sensors, and embedded systems.

Figure 1.1: IoT System

The embedded systems, wireless sensor networks, control systems, automation (including home and building automation), and others all contribute to enabling the Internet of Things.

In the consumer market, IoT technology is most synonymous with products related to the "agricultural system" concept, covering devices and applications (such as lighting, thermostats, home security systems and cameras and other home appliances) that support one or more common ecosystems, and smarter. Device ecosystems like phones and smart speakers Ira can be controlled through.

Figure 1.2: Block Diagram of IoT

There are several serious concerns about the dangers of IoT growth, especially in terms of privacy and security and as a result industry and government initiatives begin to address them.

1.4 PROPOSED METHODOLOGY

The proposed system will be very advanced for centralized surveillance and control of agricultural land. It can be managed and worked wirelessly from any location using a mobile device.Application users can automatically control the basic activities of environmental, soil and rain irrigation data collection, and automatically take actions taken by the system.The approach that uses the app is to look at the effectiveness of the crop for a particular farm, calculate the crop forecast and personalize the crop recommendations.The main block of the proposed system is shown in fig. 1 is the microcontroller.It is battery powered, secure and low power port for fast connection Variability in environmental conditions will affect the overall yield of the crop. Plants require very specific conditions for optimal development and health.It is very important to monitor the condition of the crop so sensors are used.Temperature infrared thermopile sensors are used; It is built on digital control and math engines.It senses temperature values ​​in real time, and the humidity sensor tracks the relative humidity of the air within the agriculture sector. First, the microcontroller will test three conditions:

I. Availability of uninterrupted power supply.

II. The moisture level in the soil

1.5 Future Scope of This Study

The proposed framework will revolutionize the traditional agriculture system used by majority of the farmers. This will allow the younger generation to do farming without previous experience and with ease. The system if implemented in maximum fields, will generate a vast amount of data that can be used for data mining and further research in this field. This framework will conserve all the major resources by utilizing them more efficiently. This system requires minimum human interaction at present, which can be further reduced, and can even completely be eliminated by further improving the framework. There are many machine learn in algorithms for image classification. This framework had only used SVM based classifier, hence other machine learning algorithms can be implemented and tested to further improve the system.

1.6 Objective of this Work

We have created a modern project called IOT based Agricultural Weather Monitoring System.In this Project we combine transformer, rectifier capacitor, buck module. We have created a dc power supply to provide power to the project controller.In the project we use temperature & humility sensor and Soil Sensor, through programming we have shown the dirt, temperature, humidity, soil of the land. And see all the data in a display, And That data can be monitored from anywhere in the world through the Internet, using only one software. The above project circuit diagram is a mature circuit diagram that combines all instruments Are given and details of all the instruments are given in the project book. 

1.7 Summary

Smart agriculture is an emerging concept, as IoT sensors are able to provide information about agriculture and then work based on user input. In this project, it is proposed to develop a smart agriculture system that is compatible with Arduino, IoT and Arduino technologies, such as sensor networks. The goal of this project is to develop automation using automation, ie IoT The use of smart agriculture is one of the main reasons for monitoring the environmental conditions to improve the yield of efficient crops. Features of this project include the development of a system that uses temperature, humidity, and soil moisture can even monitor the movement of livestock, which can damage agricultural fields through sensors using arduino boards and in case of any error, application notification has been made for the farmer's smartphone using the internet. The system also has a dual communication link based on a cellular Internet interface that allows data inspection via an Android application and Allows irrigation scheduling to be programmed. Due to the autonomy of energy and the low cost, the system can be effective in limited areas of water in geographically isolated regions.

2.1 Introduction

Traditional Agricultural weather stations lack self-sustainability, autonomous logging capabilities and the ability to transmit data wirelessly.Furthermore, professional temperature, humidity and soil data system monitoring systems and controls are very expensive for the average consumer and they have received limited transmission limits.Although some places are not easily accessible, it is not possible to monitor the agricultural weather parameters of all places, but advances in science and technology can provide the means of obtaining information about such places with wireless devices.Using IoT (Internet of Things) remote server system temperature, humidity, soil informationmonitoring system. We can monitor the agricultural weather conditions of the desired remote locations.Remote location data is made available to the user by sending standardized weather conditions applications using the IoT system.At any time the user is able to transmit data to remote temp, gas, moisture monitoring system.The proposed system will use wireless communication technology to provide real-time access to weather conditions in remote locations.The main objective of this study is to design and apply a wireless remote temperature, humidity, and soil information system monitoring system and Control system.A central micro-controller will be used to collect all data from the sensor and transmit it to a remote user using the IoT network.

2.2 Android Apps

For visualization and authentication, in this research work, the team has an Android App. The Android Application does not restrict itself to Thing Speak but also has a Firebase login system. Firebase is a Google-provided API to create a database and fetch from it in real time. It also provides enhanced security for the developed App. Also, it is used for backend support and other functionalities like data storage, user authentication and hosting. Real-time data variations are recorded automatically and updates are sent to clients. The HTTP protocol works on a simple request and response system but firebase is different as its real-time database uses data synchronization.It can be used for user authentication purposes as the user credentials are securely stored using crypt. Firebase authentication to the android studio is added using Firebase Android Studio tool. Whenever someone authenticates during the sign-in process either using an Email or Google, it handovers a firebase user object that represents that the authentication is successfully done by the user. This object contains the basic information about the user. Once the firebase API is included in Android or IOS App, firebase features like Analytics, Authentication, Storage, Messaging, Hosting, Crash reporting, Real-time Database etc.

Figure 2.1: Android Apps

2.3 System 

Our project operates through the Internet, In the project we can monitor the data of various sensors used which can be monitored from anywhere on the Internet. 

2.4 Motivation For Project 

A poorly motivated team has been known to unravel even the best project plan. A good project manager needs to know how to harness the initial excitement that comes with starting a project and use it to maintain motivation – leading to success throughout the project’s lifecycle. We now know that contemporary project managers need to be more than just schedulers and contract managers. They need excellent skills in managing those complex human elements that have the potential to bring any project down.

3.1 Introduction 

In this proposed system we have used the Arduino Uno Development board, sensor and Wi-Fi module. In this project the system is been totally operated by power supply. The main aim of IOT based Agricultural Weather Monitoring SystemIn above block diagram there are Soil Sensor, Dht11 and temperature sensor which we have used for sensing when is detected the Agriculture weather system. Microcontroller continuously check the output of sensor and gives signal to the IoT system circuit which drives the apps.

 

3.2 Block Diagram

Figure 3.1: Block Diagram of the Overall System

3.3 Circuit Diagram

Figure 3.2: Circuit Diagram

The systems used in our project are shown above, our project we have created aIOT based Agricultural Weather Monitoring System System that can be controlled with anywhere. We'll get to use all of these systems as we need to, while we use whatever we need, just getting instructions from an internet will start working.

 

3.4 The list of devices used in the project is given below:

 

• Arduino Uno (atmega 328)
• Transformer
• Rectifier
• Capacitor
• Buck Converter
• LCD Display
• Temperature Sensor
• DHT11 Sensor
• Soil Sensor
• Wi-Fi Module

3.5 Arduino Uno

Arduino Uno shares the same ingredients, features and production quality.They are actually the same board under another brand. Depending on the region where you live, you may be able to buy an Arduino Uno or Genuino Uno. Uno Rev3 is a microcontroller board based on ATMga 328p, an 8-bit microcontroller with 32KB of flash memory and 2KB of RAM.It has everything you need to support a microcontroller; just connect it to a computer with a USB cable or start receiving it with an AC-to-DC adapter or battery. Uno Board is the first in a series of USB boards and is the reference model for the Genuino platform; See the Comparison page for a comprehensive list of current, past, or old boards.If you want to know more about Genuine Uno programming or how to further interface the hardware with it, visit the Products page. Arduino Uno is programmed, as you can download other Genuino boards with software (IDE) for free.

Figure 3.3: Arduino uno

3.5.1 Specifications

1. Microcontroller ATmega328

2. Operating voltage 5 V

3. Input voltage (recommended) 7-12V

4. Input voltage (limit) 6-20V

5. Digital I / O Pins 14

6. PWM Digital I / O Pins 6

7. Analog Input Pin 6

8. IC current per I / O pin 40 mA

9. DC Current 3.3V pin for 50 mA

10. Flash memory is 32 KB

11. Flash memory for bootloader 0.5 KB

12. SRAM is 2 kb

13. Eprom 1 KB

14. Clock speed is 16 MHz

3.5.2 Applications

1. Arduboy, a handheld game console based in Arduino. 

2. Arduino, a MIDI controller device that mimics monomes. 

3. Ardupilot, drone software and hardware. 

4. Ardusat, the Arduino-based CubSat. 

5. C-STEM Studio is a integrated learning platform in computer, science, technology, engineering, and math (C-STEM) with robotics. 

6. Data logger for scientific research. 

7. Obiduino, a trip computer that uses the board-diagnostics interface found in most modern cars. 

8. OpenVC is an open-source electronic vehicle charger. 

9. Axod, a visual programming language for Arduino.

3.6  Power Supply

We have created a power supply to provide power supply to the project.Our built-in power supply is mainly made through step down transformer, rectifier, capacitor, buck module.We have supplied 12 volts in our project and 5 volts in sensors.

For more details:   Transformer

3.8 Rectifier

D25SBA80 800V 25A Flat Bridge Rectifier.

For more details: Rectifier

3. 9  Capacitor

For more details: Capacitor

3.10 LM2596 Voltage Converter

For more details: LM2596 Voltage Converter

3.11 LCD

It is a 16-character X2-line blue background super-twisted nematic (STN) LCD with a built-in HD44780 equivalent controller (also known as the alphabetical display). Interfacing is facilitated by 4 bits or 8 bits, and the programming code is widely available for many different controllers and systems.

For more details: LCD Display

3.12 DHT11 Sensor

DHT11 is a composite digital humidity sensor that outputs calibrated digital signals. Thanks to the dedicated digital module acquisition technology and the application of humidity sensing technology to the module.

For more details: DHT11 Sensor - Digital Humidity Sensor

 

3.13 Wi-Fi Module

ESP8266 ESP- Wifi Module.

For more details:  Wifi Module - ESP8266

3.14 Temperature Sensor

The DS18B20 digital thermometer provides 9-bit to 12-bit Celsius temperature measurements and has an alarm function with nonvolatile user-programmable upper and lower trigger points. The DS18B20 communicates over a 1-Wire bus that by definition requires only one data line (and ground) for communication with a central microprocessor. In addition, the DS18B20 can derive power directly from the data line (“parasite power”), eliminating the need for an external power supply. Each DS18B20 has a unique 64-bit serial code, which allows multiple DS18B20s to function on the same 1-Wire bus. Thus, it is simple to use one microprocessor to control many DS18B20s distributed over a large area. Applications that can benefit from this feature include HVAC environmental controls, temperature monitoring systems inside buildings, equipment, or machinery, and process monitoring and control systems.

For more details:Temperature Sensor - DS18B20

3.15 Soil Sensor

The moisture sensor is used to measure the amount of soil water (moisture). When there is a water shortage on the ground, the module output is at a high level, otherwise the output is at a low level.

For more details:Soil Sensor

3.16   Result

In this project, we will monitor agricultural weather, Such as the environment Temperature & humidity and soil moisture. We can see all the project data in an lcd display. Our project operates through the Internet, in the project we can monitor the data of various sensors used which can be monitored from anywhere on the Internet. We also monitor all data via the Internet and we can control irrigation water from any place. We used Arduino Uno as the controller and we created the C language as a programming language and uploaded it to the controller. You can contact Dollar Buy Sell exchanger provider and buy this project.

3.17 Conclusions& Discussions

The proposed framework will revolutionize the traditional agriculture system used by majority of the farmers. This will allow the younger generation to do farming without previous experience and with ease. The system if implemented in maximum fields, will generate vast amount of data that can be used for data mining and further research in this field. This framework will conserve all the major resources by utilizing them more efficiently. This system requires minimum human interaction at present, which can be further reduced, and can even completely be eliminated by further improving the framework. There are many machine learn in algorithms for image classification. This framework had only used SVM based classifier, hence other machine learning algorithms can be implemented and tested to further improve the system.